Structure and functions of cell organelles | questions and answers

 Q: What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?

A: The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material (DNA), controls cellular activities, and directs the synthesis of proteins.


Q: Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in a cell?

A: Ribosomes, either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, are responsible for protein synthesis.


Q: What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a cell?

A: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins and the synthesis of lipids.


Q: Which organelle is responsible for breaking down cellular waste and debris?

A: Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down cellular waste, old organelles, and foreign substances.


Q: What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?

A: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, producing ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for various cellular activities.


Q: How do chloroplasts contribute to plant cells?

A: Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy (glucose) in plant cells.


Q: What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

A: The Golgi apparatus processes, packages, and transports proteins and lipids produced by the endoplasmic reticulum.


Q: Which organelle provides structural support, shape, and protection to the cell?

A: The cell wall (in plant cells) and the cytoskeleton collectively provide structural support and shape to the cell.


Q: What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?

A: The vacuole stores nutrients, waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure, contributing to cell rigidity in plant cells.


Q: How do cilia and flagella contribute to cell movement?

A: Cilia and flagella are hair-like structures that protrude from the cell surface and aid in cell movement or the movement of substances over the cell surface.

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